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Melanoma
Melanoma
is a very serious form of skin cancer. It begins in melanocytes—
cells that make the skin pigment called melanin. Although melanoma
accounts for only about 4% of all skin cancer cases, it causes most
skin cancer-related deaths. The good news is that melanoma is often
curable if it is detected and treated in its early stages.
In men, melanoma is found most often on the area between the shoulders
and hips or on the head and neck. In women, melanoma often develops
on the lower legs. It may also appear under the fingernails or toenails
or on the palms or soles. The chance of developing melanoma increases
with age, but it affects all age groups and is one of the most common
cancers in young adults.
How Common Is Melanoma?
The number of new melanomas diagnosed in the United States is increasing.
Since 1973, the rate of new melanomas diagnosed per year has more
than doubled from 6 per 100,000 to 14 per 100,000.
The American Cancer Society estimates that about 51,400 new melanomas
will be diagnosed in the United States during 2001. About 7,800
Cancer Statistics deaths will be attributed to malignant melanoma
in 2001.1
How Does Melanoma Develop?
When melanoma starts in the skin, it is called cutaneous melanoma.
Melanoma may also occur in the eye (ocular melanoma or intraocular
melanoma) and, rarely, in other areas where melanocytes are found,
such as the digestive tract, meninges, or lymph nodes. When melanoma
spreads (metastasizes), cancer cells are also found in the lymph
nodes and possibly also other parts of the body, such as the liver,
lungs, or brain. In these cases, the cancer cells are still melanoma
cells, and the disease is called metastatic melanoma.
What Causes
Melanoma? The main cause of melanoma is thought to be related to spending
too much time in the sun, which results in exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. People with fair skin and who tend to sunburn easily
— especially those with red or blond hair — may be at greatest risk
because their skin cells have less melanin. Anyone who is exposed
to large amounts of sunlight (such as a person who works outdoors,
or who lives in areas where sunlight is very strong, like the American
Southwest) is at a higher risk.
Opinion 1
Is Bacterial Infection Carcinogenic?
by Kirstie Saltsman
Posted February 2, 2001 · Issue 95
from HMS BEAGLE
Abstract Can bacteria cause cancer? The author discusses the discovery of a link between bacterial infection and cancer, the mechanisms by which bacteria cause cancer, and the potential for treatment.
Although his work was later called into question, Johannes Fibiger, the winner of the 1926 Nobel Prize in physiology, may not have been too far off the mark. He was awarded the prize for his discovery that a
parasitic worm, Spiroptera carcinoma, causes gastric tumors in rats.
While dissecting rats infected with the tuberculosis bacterium, he noticed that some had stomach growths, each of which contained a parasitic worm. The growths later proved to be unrelated to the
parasite, and doubt was even cast upon his assertion that the growths were malignant. Nevertheless, the idea that an infectious organism could cause cancer turned out to be accurate and groundbreaking.
Infectious organisms cause about 15% of cancers. By the early 1970s, nearly 30 mammalian oncoviruses had been discovered, and it is now estimated that over 15 percent of cancers worldwide are caused by infectious organisms. Although the idea that viruses can cause cancer has been accepted for decades, the idea that bacteria can cause cancer has begun to attract attention only recently. The most established instance of this is the link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer, but bacterial infections have also been implicated in other types, such as colon and gall bladder cancers.
The mechanisms by which bacteria cause cancer appear to be quite different from those used by viruses. Viruses, by inserting their genomes into host cell chromosomes, can alter expression patterns of host cell genes and disrupt the intricately regulated process of growth control. Human papillomavirus (HPV), for example, which is associated with cervical cancer, induces cellular transformation by inhibiting the host cell tumor suppressors p53 and Rb. In addition, as in the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral infection can cause depletion of the immune system, leaving the host less able to destroy cancerous or precancerous cells that arise by spontaneous mutation. Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are now considered AIDS-defining malignancies.
Bacterial infections can cause tumors via inflammation. In contrast, bacteria are thought to cause cancer largely via an indirect mechanism. It seems that it is the host's response to infection - inflammation - which damages cells and predisposes them toward becoming cancerous. Phagocytes drawn to the site of infection release reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can cause DNA mutations and damage cellular proteins and lipids. In addition, loss of cells at the site of infection stimulates cell proliferation in order to regenerate the tissue, a process that leaves the site vulnerable to tumor formation. Proliferating cells are one step closer to uncontrolled cell growth, and are also susceptible to acquiring mutations due to errors in DNA replication. Although inflammation and its molecular consequences are now known to be major risk factors in developing gastric adenocarcinoma
in those infected with H. pylori, it was not until fairly recently that a connection was made between the two. Although the association between H. pylori and gastric cancer is among the better known examples of a bacterial cause for cancer, Julie Parsonnet, associate professor of medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine's proposed ERID (Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases) program, points out that it is not the first such association to be made. She says that "people have long recognized that chronic skin and bone infections with bacteria can lead to aggressive skin cancers."
Although it had been suspected for some time that a widespread environmental determinant was an etiologic factor in the development of gastric cancer, it was not until 1991 that H. pylori, a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, was found to be involved. Over 50 percent of the world's population is infected with H. pylori; however, in most cases, infection has no serious clinical consequences. A complex interplay between host and bacterial factors seems to determine the outcome of infection. Among the bacterial factors is a group of genes - whose functions are largely unknown - localized in a cassette called the cag pathogenicity island. cag+ strains are more virulent than their cag-counterparts, and there is a strong correlation between infection with cag+ strains and the occurrence of both gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. However, those with H. pylori-induced ulcers are less likely than the general population to contract gastric cancer, a finding that underscores the importance of host factors in disease outcome. Host genes influence susceptibility to bacterial tumorigenesis. Because host factors are thought to influence susceptibility to disease, a number of research teams are currently trying to pinpoint disease-predisposing genetic determinants within the host. Among those that are already known to influence the risk of gastric cancer is the gene for interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta). Elevated levels of this cytokine promote inflammation and suppress gastric acid secretion, which allows for more extensive bacterial colonization of the stomach. In an attempt to identify other host genes that influence the risk of gastric cancer, Karen Guillemin, a postdoctoral research fellow in Stanley Falkow's lab at Stanford University, has devised a strategy based on the use of human DNA microarrays and a tissue culture model of infection. By comparing the host genes induced by the more virulent cagA+ strain with those induced by a cagA- strain, she has distinguished a subset that may be involved in disease. Some of these genes appear to be involved in cell signaling or in remodeling the cell ultrastructure, both of which may set a cell on a course toward malignancy. However, others are likely to promote cancer indirectly by promoting the growth of virulent strains. "Because infection with H. pylori is a long-term, often lifetime condition, and because H. pylori populations are known to undergo a lot of genetic changes and diversification, similar to viruses, a complexity that I think will emerge is that certain host genes will be found to promote particular gastric environmental conditions that select for more or less virulent bacteria," says Guillemin. Because only 1 percent of infected individuals have the misfortune of contracting the disease, genetic determinants within both host and bacteria are likely to affect the outcome of infection. Vaccination against H. pylori may fight cancer well. The finding that bacterial infections can cause cancer is exciting because unlike a genetic predisposition or an environmental factor, infections often can be treated or prevented. A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute has shown regression of precancerous lesions upon treatment with antibiotics among a high-risk population in southwestern Columbia. Other studies are currently underway. However, the use of antibiotics is unlikely to take hold as a widespread preventive measure. The cost would preclude such a strategy, as would the risk of inducing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. A more practical approach would be to induce protection by vaccination, and trials in mouse models of infection have already yielded promising results. Oral and intranasal vaccination has provided mucosal immunity, and systemic vaccination has also been shown to provide protection in the mouse model. It remains to be seen if these promising results will be reflected in the human trials currently being undertaken. In 1966, Peyton Rous was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his discovery that a virus (the Rous sarcoma virus) could cause cancer. Now, a mere 35 years later, a significant proportion of liver cancer is preventable thanks to a vaccine against hepatitis B. In addition, vaccines against human papillomavirus are now being tested in an effort to combat cervical cancer, and Epstein-Barr-virus-related tumors in HIV patients are becoming less common thanks to immunotherapy. Just as the discovery of the viral origin of certain cancers led to useful therapies, it is probably not overly optimistic to expect that the discovery of a link between bacterial infection and cancer will soon lead to effective treatments and eventually curtail the number of lives lost to this deadly disease. Kirstie Saltsman is a freelance biomedical writer based in Baltimore. She received her Ph.D. from Harvard in 1996 and did postdoctoral work at Stanford.
In our opinion, anyone who is sick with anything should undergo a course of a month or so of colloidal silver to cleanse the body of pathogens. It not only kills the pathogens, but takes the pressure off of the immune system so it can do its job with less "drag" from the stuff that colloidal silver so easily kills.
I bought your generator and test equipment about a year or so ago and have had only positive results. The solution removed a skin melanoma from my right temple area and a 'suspicious' looking spot from my left forearm. I used a very low dosage, approx. 3-4 ppm orally for about 4 to 5 months before the spots dried up and went away. I use the spray bottle on my throat when I get a sore throat and it makes the infection in my tonsils come out. I get a white rubbery substance out of each tonsil about 3 to 4 days after the topical application. It's the wierdest thing to see that infection actually expelled from my tonsils. I use a medium concentration of about 7-10 pm now and it seems to work fine. I don't take it every day, just when I need it.
Thank you for a fine product.
Jay Hedden
129 Park Ave.
Lafayette, IN 47904
Opinion 3
I had liver enzyme test and viral load done in June of 2002. Liver test was 68 and viral load was 1.9 million. I began searching for ways to fight the hep c without going on the interferon treatment like the dr. wanted. I told him I was going to try the alternative method of treatment. He told me it wouldn't work. I left his office and began researching and found your website along with some others. I began a regime of vitamins, about 6000 mg of vitamin C a day, aloe vera juice, milk thistle and your advanced collodial silver. I found a dr. who believes in the alternative treatments in late October and we did the liver test and viral load again. The liver test is down from 68 to 47,which is close to normal. The viral load was up to 3 million,but the dr. said that could be because I have been under added stress of looking after my mother who had a stroke in June and my father who has had chemo treatment for melanoma on his leg. The dr. said that the main thing is that the liver enzymes are down and that the virus is there but not attacking my liver, which is great. I will continue my regime and look for a dropped viral load when I get tested again in about 6 months. Thanks for the collodial silver, vitamins, a good diet, visits to the chiropractor and the Good Lord. I feel better and know I can lick the Hep C without the interferon treatment and it's terrible side effects. Norma
[These hepatitis c testimonials are becoming more and more frequent.]
Opinion 4
..........By the way, I have now been cancer-free (4th stage melanoma) for one year using black salve, colloidal silver, vegetarian diet, and a few natural supplements--no surgery, no chemo, no conventional treatment at all! My doctor (not an MD) now recommends silver to patients with cancer or other chronic conditions.
I don't take the silver every day -- only when I need it. Over the last year I burnt my finger two different times on the electric element of my counter top cooking unit. I put the finger in silver as much of the evening as possible and in the morning you couldn't even tell the finger had been burnt! Absolutely amazing. Last week one of my nostrils was inflamed on the inside (have no idea why). It was swollen and very painful. I sprayed silver up my nose and in less than two days, it was back to normal.
Glenda Burns
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